Subheadings in OVID databases are used to
find items discussing a specific aspect of a topic. Subheadings can be
added during the search process by choosing from the list presented or
by placing them after a forward slash (/) following a valid subject heading
(e.g. smoking/ae or smoking/ae,co). Subheadings may also be added after
a set is created by combining the set number with the two letter subheading
abbreviation followed by .fs. which stands for floating subheading (e.g.1
and ae.fs.).
There are also groups of related subheadings
(from the National Library of Medicine - NLM and from the database vendor
- OVID), called exploded subheadings available. These can be used by entering
the two letter subheading code followed by .xs. (e.g. di.xs.).
NOTES: 1) Not all subheadings are available
for all subject headings. 2) Not all subheadings are available in all
databases. 3) Not all subheadings have existed for all years in all databases,
so use of certain ones may restrict results to specific years.
|
Code
|
Name
|
Example
|
Database(s)
|
|
AM
|
Administration
|
/am, am.fs.
|
CINAHL
|
|
AD
|
Administration & Dosage
|
/ad, ad.fs.
|
All
|
|
AE
|
Adverse Effects
|
/ae, ae.fs., ae.xs.
|
All
|
|
AG
|
Agonists
|
/ag, ag.fs.
|
MEDLINE
|
|
AA
|
Analogs & Derivatives
|
/aa, aa.fs.
|
All
|
|
AN
|
Analysis
|
/an, an.fs., an.xs.
|
All
|
|
AH
|
Anatomy & Histology
|
/ah, ah.fs., ah.xs.
|
All
|
|
AI
|
Antagonists & Inhibitors
|
/ai, ai.fs.
|
All
|
|
BI
|
Biosynthesis
|
/bi, bi.fs.
|
MEDLINE
|
|
BL
|
Blood
|
/bl, bl.fs.
|
MEDLINE
|
|
BS
|
Blood Supply
|
/bs, bs.fs.
|
MEDLINE
|
|
CF
|
Cerebrospinal Fluid
|
/cf, cf.fs.
|
MEDLINE
|
|
CS
|
Chemical Synthesis
|
/cs, cs.fs.
|
MEDLINE
|
|
CI
|
Chemically Induced
|
/ci, ci.fs.
|
All
|
|
CH
|
Chemistry
|
/ch, ch.fs., ch.xs.
|
MEDLINE
|
|
CL
|
Classification
|
/cl, cl.fs.
|
All
|
|
CO
|
Complications
|
/co, co.fs., co.xs.
|
All
|
|
CN
|
Congenital
|
/cn, cn.fs.
|
MEDLINE
|
|
CT
|
Contraindications
|
/ct, ct.fs.
|
All
|
|
CY
|
Cytology
|
/cy, cy.fs., cy.xs.
|
MEDLINE
|
|
DF
|
Deficiency
|
/df, df.fs.
|
MEDLINE
|
|
DI
|
Diagnosis
|
/di, di.fs., di.xs.
|
All
|
|
DU
|
Diagnostic Use
|
/du, du.fs.
|
All
|
|
DH
|
Diet Therapy
|
/dh, dh.fs.
|
All
|
|
DE
|
Drug Effects
|
/de, de.fs.
|
All
|
|
DT
|
Drug Therapy
|
/dt, dt.fs.
|
All
|
|
EC
|
Economics
|
/ec, ec.fs.
|
All
|
|
ED
|
Education
|
/ed, ed.fs.
|
All
|
|
EM
|
Embryology
|
/em, em.fs., em.xs.
|
MEDLINE
|
|
EN
|
Enzymology
|
/en, en.fs.
|
MEDLINE
|
|
EP
|
Epidemiology
|
/ep, ep.fs., ep.xs.
|
All
|
|
ES
|
Equipment & Supplies
|
/es, es.fs.
|
CINAHL
|
|
EH
|
Ethnology
|
/eh, eh.fs.
|
All
|
|
ET
|
Etiology
|
/et, et.fs., et.xs.
|
All
|
|
EV
|
Evaluation
|
/ev, ev.fs.
|
CINAHL
|
|
FG
|
Familial & Genetic
|
/fg, fg.fs.
|
CINAHL
|
|
GE
|
Genetics
|
/ge, ge.fs.
|
MEDLINE
|
|
GD
|
Growth & Development
|
/gd, gd.fs.
|
MEDLINE
|
|
HI
|
History
|
/hi, hi.fs.
|
All
|
|
IM
|
Immunology
|
/im, im.fs.
|
MEDLINE
|
|
IN
|
Injuries
|
/in, in.fs.
|
All
|
|
IR
|
Innervation
|
/ir, ir.fs.
|
MEDLINE
|
|
IS
|
Instrumentation
|
/is, is.fs.
|
MEDLINE
|
|
IP
|
Isolation & Purification
|
/ip, ip.fs.
|
MEDLINE
|
|
LJ
|
Legislation & Jurisprudence
|
/lj, lj.fs.
|
All
|
|
MA
|
Manpower
|
/ma, ma.fs.
|
All
|
|
ME
|
Metabolism
|
/me, me.fs., me.xs.
|
All
|
|
MT
|
Methods
|
/mt, mt.fs.
|
All
|
|
MI
|
Microbiology
|
/mi, mi.fs., mi.xs.
|
MEDLINE
|
|
MO
|
Mortality
|
/mo, mo.fs.
|
All
|
|
NU
|
Nursing
|
/nu, nu.fs.
|
All
|
|
OG
|
Organization & Administration
|
/og, og.fs., og.xs.
|
All
|
|
PS
|
Parasitology
|
/ps, ps.fs.
|
MEDLINE
|
|
PY
|
Pathogenicity
|
/py, py.fs.
|
MEDLINE
|
|
PA
|
Pathology
|
/pa, pa.fs.
|
All
|
|
PK
|
Pharmacokinetics
|
/pk, pk.fs.
|
MEDLINE
|
|
PD
|
Pharmacology
|
/pd, pd.fs., pd.xs.
|
All
|
|
PH
|
Physiology
|
/ph, ph.fs., ph.xs.
|
All
|
|
PP
|
Physiopathology
|
/pp, pp.fs.
|
All
|
|
PO
|
Poisoning
|
/po, po.fs.
|
All
|
|
PC
|
Prevention & Control
|
/pc, pc.fs.
|
All
|
|
PR
|
Prognosis
|
/pr, pr.fs.
|
CINAHL
|
|
PX
|
Psychology
|
/px, px.fs.
|
MEDLINE
|
|
PF
|
Psychosocial Factors
|
/pf, pf.fs.
|
CINAHL
|
|
RE
|
Radiation Effects
|
/ra, ra.fs.
|
All
|
|
RA
|
Radiography
|
/ra, ra.fs.
|
All
|
|
RI
|
Radionuclide Imaging
|
/ri, ri.fs.
|
MEDLINE
|
|
RT
|
Radiotherapy
|
/rt, rt.fs.
|
All
|
|
RH
|
Rehabilitation
|
/rh, rh.fs.
|
All
|
|
SC
|
Secondary
|
/sc, sc.fs.
|
MEDLINE
|
|
SE
|
Secretion
|
/se, se.fs.
|
MEDLINE
|
|
ST
|
Standards
|
/st, st.fs.
|
All
|
|
SN
|
Statistics & Numerical Data
|
/sn, sn.fs., sn.xs.
|
MEDLINE
|
|
SD
|
Supply & Distribution
|
/sd, sd.fs.
|
MEDLINE
|
|
SU
|
Surgery
|
/su, su.fs., su.xs.
|
All
|
|
SS
|
Symptoms
|
/ss, ss.fs.
|
CINAHL
|
|
TU
|
Therapeutic Use
|
/tu, tu.fs., tu.xs.
|
All
|
|
TH
|
Therapy (NLM version)
|
/th, th.fs., th.xs.
|
All
|
|
XR
|
Therapy (OVID version)
|
xr.xs
|
All
|
|
TO
|
Toxicity (NLM version)
|
/to, to.fs.
|
MEDLINE
|
|
XX
|
Toxicity (OVID version)
|
xx.xs
|
All
|
|
TM
|
Transmission
|
/tm, tm.fs.
|
All
|
|
TR
|
Transplantation
|
/tr, tr.fs.
|
All
|
|
TD
|
Trends
|
/td, td.fs.
|
All
|
|
US
|
Ultrasonography
|
/us, us.fs.
|
All
|
|
UL
|
Ultrastructure
|
/ul, ul.fs.
|
MEDLINE
|
|
UR
|
Urine
|
/ur, ur.fs.
|
MEDLINE
|
|
UT
|
Utilization
|
/ut, ut.fs.
|
All
|
|
VE
|
Veterinary
|
/ve, ve.fs.
|
MEDLINE
|
|
VI
|
Virology
|
/vi, vi.fs.
|
MEDLINE
|
|
