Your comments, including titles for addition to the list and quotes from a particular work are welcome, e-mail billings@iupui.edu. We especially welcome recommendations for works on Canadian, Mexican and Central American Medicine, etc.

• Ackerknecht, Erwin H., A Short History of Medicine, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press,1968
• Boyden, Stephen Western Civilization in Biological Perspective: Patterns in Biohistory, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1987
• Brieger, Gert H. History of Medicine', in Paul T. Dubbin (ed.), A Guide to the culture of Science, Technology and Medicine, New York, Free Press, 1980, pp. 121-94.
• Bynum, W. F. and Roy Porter, (ed.) Companion Encyclopedia of the History of Medicine London: Routledge, 1993.
• Bynum, W. F., "Health, Disease and Medical Care" ', in G. S. Rousseau and R. Porter (ed.), The Ferment of Knowledge, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980, pp.211-54.
• Clarke, Edwin, (ed.) Modern Methods in the History of Medicine, London: Athlone Press, 1971.
• Keinman, A. Patients and Healers in the Context of Culture Berkeley: University of California, 1982
• Kiple, Kenneth, (ed.) The Cambridge History of Human Disease, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993
• Kohn, George C. Encyclopedia of plague and Pestilence New York: Facts on File, 1995
• Kuhn, Thomas S. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, 2nd Ed., New York: New American Library, 1986
• McKeown, Thomas The Role of Medicine: Dream, Mirage or Nemesis, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1979
• Porter, Roy The Patient's View. Doing Medical History from Below', Theory and Society, 1985, 14: 167-74.
• Porter, Roy and Andrew Wear Problems and Methods in the History of Medicine, London: Croom Helm, 1987
• Shryock, Richard H. The Development of Modern Medicine: an Interpretation of the Social and Scientific Factors, 2nd ed., New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1947; reprinted Madison, WI
• Sigerist, Henry A History of Medicine, New York: Oxford University Press, 1951
• Sigerist, Henry Landmarks in the History of Hygiene, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1956

• Advice Among Masters: the Ideal in Slave Management in the Old South edited by James O. Breeden // Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1980.
• Anderson, Odin W. The Uneasy Equilibrium: Private and Public Financing of Health Services in the United States, 1875-1965   New Haven, CT : College and University Press, 1968
  • The author, as a sociologist, has traced group action by physicians, nurses, labor, and the body politic in general as they have interacted in development of group opinions.
• Anderson, Lee and Gregory J. Higby The Spirit of Voluntarism: A Legacy of Commitment and Contribution: The United States Pharmacopeia, 1820-1995 Rockville, Md.: United States Pharmacopeial Convention, 1995
• Apple, Rima D. Mothers and Medicine: a Social History of Infant Feeding Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin Press, 1987

• Baxter, James Phinney Scientists Against Time Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1946.
• Bell, Whitfield J., Jr.The College of Physicians of Philadelphia: A Bicentennial History Canton, Mass." Science History Publications, 1987
• Beardsley, Edward H. A History of Neglect: Health care for Blacks and Mill Workers in the Twentieth-Century South Knoxville : University of Tennessee Press, 1987
  • Cared for (or, rather, neglected) by different parties, blacks and mill operatives also had their own characteristic health profiles...As for specific diseases, cotton operatives had far more hookworm and substantially more pellagra than blacks, while the latter had a greater incidence of venereal disease, tuberculosis, and illnesses (and deaths) associated with maternity and infancy.
• Beecher, Henry K. Disease and the advancement of basic Science Cambridge, MA.: Harvard University Press, 1960
  • The university hospitals of the land have long been recognized as field where already discovered concepts are applied, but now it is evident that they are the only places where certain discoveries basic to the advancement of pure science are likely to occur. Such institutions are indispensable units in the advancement of some aspects of conceptual science.
• Berkowitz, Edward D. Disabled Policy: America's Programs for the Handicapped, a Twentieth Century Fund Report Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987
  • Before this can happen [replacement of a collection of disparate programs], however, we need to bring order to the labyrinth and expose the contradictions of our present approach. This book relies on a historical overview of five representative and important disability programs to achieve that objective.
• Berliner, Howard S. A System of Scientific Medicine: Philanthropic Foundations in the Flexner Era New York: Tavistock, 1985.
• Bloom, Khaled J. The Mississippi Valley's Great Yellow Fever Epidemic of 1878 Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1993
• Bonner, Thomas Neville American Doctors and German Universities: A Chapter in International Intellectual Relations 1870-1914, Lincoln, NB: University of Nebraska Press, 1963
• Bonner, Thomas Neville Becoming a Physician: Medical Education in Britain, France, Germany, and the United States, 1750-1945 New York: Oxford University Press, 1995
  • The growth of medical training, I believe, has too long been viewed in almost exclusively national terms. Scholars working in American medicine have overstated the weaknesses of medical schools in the nineteenth century United States.
• Brandt, Allan M. No Magic Bullet: A Social History of Venereal Disease in the United States Since 1880 New York: Oxford University Press, 1987
• Breeden, James O. Joseph Jones, M.D. : Scientist of the Old South Lexington : University Press of Kentucky, 1975.
• Brown, E. Richard Rockefeller Medicine Men: Medicine and Capitalism in America Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1979
  • The medical profession and other medical interest groups each tried to make medicine serve their own narrow economic and social interests. Foundations and other corporate class institutions insisted that medicine serve the needs of "their" corporate capitalist society.
• Bruce, Robert B. The Launching of Modern American Science, 1846-1876 Reprint.
• Bullough, Vern L. Science in the Bedroom: A History of Sex Research New York: Basic Books, 1994
• Burrow, James Gordon AMA: Voice of American Medicine Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1963
  • I am convinced that the Association's heroic struggles throughout much of the century are too important to ignore as well as the less impressive aspects of its record in some decades.
• Burrow, James Gordan Organized Medicine in the Progressive Era: the Move Toward Monopoly Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1977
  • Despite frequent scholarly references to the political power of organized medicine, no extensive effort has been made to explain the process by which it secured this power at the crucial state level.

• Caldwell, Mark The Last Crusade: the War On Consumption, 1862-1954 New York: Athenaeum, 1988
• Cassedy, J Charles V. Chapin, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1962
  • Chapin's two great achievements are inseparable. First he made an exhaustive study of the confused accumulation of ancient theory about the communicable diseases, and weighted his findings in the light of the new facts revealed by the laboratory investigator and the epidemiologist. The results were an unprecedented attack on outmoded sanitary dogma and the formulation of a new body of principles which provided the basis for the entire modern attitude toward these diseases. Chapin them transferred these principles into a system of standards and values for the guidance of the practicing health officer.
• Cassedy, James H. Medicine and American Growth, 1800-1860 Madison, WI : University of Wisconsin Press, 1986
  • ...considers the historical expansion of nineteenth-century American medicine itself as a demographic phenomenon within the framework of population movement, graphic phenomenon with in the framework of population movement, regional development, disease incidence, and social change.
• Catalogue of the Transylvania University Medical Library Lexington, Kentucky: Transylvania University Press, 1987
  • The chronicle of the building and collection of the Transylvania University Medical Catalogue of the Transylvania Medical School 1799-1859. Provides a close up view of medical education in the early 19th century.
• Chapman, Carleton B. Order Out of Chaos: John Shaw Billings and America's Coming of Age Boston: Boston Medical Library in the Francis A. Countaway Library of Medicine, 1994.
• Cobb, W. Montague The First Negro Medical Society: A history of the Medico-Chirurgical Society of the District of Columbia, Washington, D.C., The Associated Publishers, 1934
• Code of Codes: Scientific and Social Issues in the Human Genome Project edited by Daniel J. Kevles and Leroy Hood, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1992.
• Cole, Thomas R. The Journal of Life: A Cultural History of Aging in American Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992
• A Confederate Nurse: The Diary of Ada W. Bacot, 1860-1863 edited by Jean V. Berlin Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1994
• Compulsory Health Insurance: the Continuing American Debate edited by Ronald L. Numbers, Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1982
• Corner, G. History of the Rockefeller Institute New York: Rockefeller Institute Press, 1964
  • Ne straightforward narration of the history of the institute.
• Coulter, Harris L. Science and Ethics in American Medicine, 1800-1914 2nd ed. Richmond, Calif.: North Atlantic Books, 1982, c1973.
• Crosby, Alfred W. The Columbian Exchange: the Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492, Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1972
  • "Anthropological historiography" "The most important changes brought on by the Columbian voyages were biological in nature."

• Davenport, Horace W. Fifty Years of Medicine at the University of Michigan, 1891-1941 Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Medical School, 1986
• Diamond, E. Grey and Herman Hattaway, eds. Letters from Forest Place: A Plantation Family's Correspondence, 1846-1881 Jackson: University of Mississippi Press, 1993
• Disease and Distinctiveness in the American South, edited by Todd L. Savitt and James Harvey, Young Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1988
  • Was the waning of tropical diseases in the South a factor in the success of the Sunbelt States?
• Donegan, Jane B. Hydropathic Highway to Health: Women and Water-Cure in Antebellum America New York : Greenwood Press, 1986.
• Dowling, Harry Filmore City Hospitals: the Undercare of the Underprivileged Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1982
• Duffin, Jacalyn Langstaff: a Nineteenth-Century Medical Life Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1993.
  • This study is a microhistory, but it is also a medical history about an individual doctor in a dramatically changing professional world and a social history about a nineteenth century community in an emerging country.
• Dwyer, Ellen Homes for the Mad: Life Inside Two Nineteenth-Century Asylums New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1987

• Estes, J. Worth and David M. Goodman The Changing Humors of Portsmouth: the Medical Biography of an American Town, 1623-1983 Boston: Francis A. Countaway Library of Medicine, 1986
• Ettling, J. Germ of Laziness: Rockefeller Philanthropy and Public Health in the New South Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press, 1981
  • ...its (the Rockefeller Sanitary Commission) creation in 1909 marks the convergence of two separate tributaries of American philanthropy: scientific medicine and public education

• Fellman, Anita Clair and Michael Fellman Making Sense of Self: Medical Advice Literature in Late Nineteenth-Century America Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1981
• Fee, Elizabeth Disease and Discovery : a History of Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, 1916-1939 Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1987
  • I am concerned with the intellectual and organizational issues of professional public health education in the earlier decades of this century, as reflected in the Hopkins experience.
• Fleming, Donald William H. Welch and the Rise of Modern Medicine Boston: Little, Brown, 1954
  • The Welch physicians who preceded him were men of charity and consolation, with a genius for conduct rather than thought; he himself became a man of study and of uncomfortable truth-telling, and the spokesman for change and innovation.
• Fye, Bruce American Cardiology: the History of a Specialty and its College Baltimore The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996
• Fye, Bruce The Development of American Physiology: Scientific Medicine in the Nineteenth Century Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987
  • The success of American medicine in the twentieth century can be traced to the introduction of the research ethic into America's medical schools and collateral developments in the preliminary and professional training of physicians in the United States.

• Galishoff, Stuart Newark: the nation's Unhealthiest City, 1832-1895 New Brunswick, NJ : Rutgers University Press, 1988
  • In instances where Newark's public health development appears to have been singular I have noted it in the text or in a note. Where I have not drawn comparisons to other cities it may be assumed that I found Newark's experience to parallel that of other nineteenth American cities that underwent rapid growth and industrialization.
• Gamble, Vanessa Northington Making A Place for Ourselves: the Black Hospital Movement 1920-1945 New York: Oxford University Press, 1995
  • Yes, this book is about black physicians and their hospitals, but it is about more than just that. It uses the black hospital as a prism to understand how issues of race and racism affected the development of the American hospital system. The reader will also find out a great deal about the attitudes and beliefs of white Americans.
• Germs Have No Color Lines: Blacks and American Medicine, 1900-1945 edited by Vanessa Northington Gamble, New York: Garland Publishing, 1989.
• Gevitz, Norman The D.O.'s: Osteopathic Medicine in America Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1982
• Gidney, R. D. and Millar, W. P. JM Professional Gentlemen: The Professions in Nineteenth- Century Ontario Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1994
• Gifford, George Edmund Medicine and Science in Early America, Being the Collected Essays of George Edmund Gifford, Jr., 1930-1981 edited by Dorothy I. Lansing : Friends of George E. Gifford, Jr., 1982
• Gosling, F. G. Before Freud: Neurasthenia and the American Medical Community 1870-1910 Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1987
• Grob, Gerald N. The State and the Mentally Ill: A History of Worchester State Hospital in Massachusetts, 1830-1920 Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1966
  • it attempts to tell the history of changing public policy and attitudes toward the mentally ill.
• Grob, Gerald N. Mental Institutions in America: Social Policy to 1875 New York: The Free Press, 1973
  • In a certain sense, then, this study falls somewhere between traditional medical history and contemporary social history. The medical profession and other medical interest groups each tried to make medicine serve their own narrow economic and social interests. Foundations and other corporate class institutions insisted that medicine serve the needs of "their" corporate capitalist society.
• Grob, Gerald N. The Mad Among Us: A History of the Care of America's Mentally Ill New York: Free Press, 1994

• Hale, Nathan G., Jr. The Rise and Crisis of Psychoanalysis in the United States: Freud and the Americans, 1917-1985 Freud in America, vol. 2. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995
• Hale, N Freud and the Americans : the Beginnings of Psychoanalysis in the United States 1876-1917 New York: Oxford University Press, 1971
  • Both myths agreed that Freud's work had criticized and replaced a medical and moral order. ..Clarifies the state of American psychiatry, neurology and sexual morality before Freud became important
• Haller, John H., Jr. American Medicine In Transition, 1840-1910, Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1981
  • If anything, doctors in the period from 1840 to 1910 were profoundly self-conscious about themselves and their profession. This uneasy self-consciousness was a fundamental reality of the age and reflected the bifurcated nature of their business and ethics, their hatred for and absorption of sectarian ideas, their clinging to old drug theories and their uneasy marriage with modern science
• Haller, John S. Medical Protestants: the Eclectics in American Medicine, 1825-1939 Carbondale, IL :Southern Illinois University Press, 1994
  • They glimpsed the possibility of a truly reformed medical practice but dissipated their energies in acrimonious debate and controversy.
• Haller, John S. Outcasts From Evolution; Scientific Attitudes of Racial Inferiority, 1859-1900 Urbana, University of Illinois Press, 1971
  • What was at once the worst of nineteenth-century America in the sense that we now judge its racial attitudes was also ironically, the best that American culture had to offer the sciences became the means through which both scientist and social scientists sought to determine the relative value of the races of man, delineate social categories, and even justify the rationale of race legislation.
• Haller, John S. The Physician and Sexuality in Victorian America Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1974
  • The Victorian era, not simply a bald sexual regression, was rather a time of molding new sex mores, which even when compared to the permissive society sparked by World War I marked significant departures from the ultra-masculine world.
• Halpern, Sydney A. American Pediatrics: the Social Dynamics of Professionalism, 1880-1980 Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988
• Harvey, A. McGehee The Association of American Physicians: 1886-1986 : a Century of Progress in Medical Science [Baltimore ] : The Association, 1986
  • This association was founded when the AMA and other medical scientists disagreed about the Committee to set up the International Medical Congress in 1885. The AMA championed a geographical representation on the committee, the committee-by some opinions was intended to represent scholarship.
• Harvey, A. McGehee Science at the Bedside: Clinical Research In American Medicine 1905- 1945 Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1981
  • In this volume an attempt will be made to depict the formative period in the century before the development that appears to be America's most important contribution to modern-day medicine.
• Hine, Darlene Clark Black Women in White: Racial Conflict and Cooperation in the Nursing Profession, 1890-1950 Bloomington, IN : Indiana University Press, 1989
  • This work is grounded on an analysis of white racism and black efforts to overcome its manifestations as a key to understanding the evolution of the black nursing profession in particular and nursing history in general
• Holloway, Lisabeth M. A Fast Pace Forward: Chronicles of American Podiatry Philadelphia: Pennsylvania College of Podiatric Medicine, 1987
• Horsman, Reginald Josiah Nott of Mobile: Southerner, Physician, and Racial Theorist Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1987
• Hudson, Robert P. Disease and Its Control: The Shaping of Modern Thought New York: Praeger, 1987
  • This book is intended for anyone making an early encounter with the development of medical thinking about the nature of disease and its control.
• Humphreys, Margaret Yellow Fever and the South New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1992

• Jacobson, Timothy C. Making Medical Doctors: Science and Medicine at Vanderbilt Since Flexner Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1987
• Jones, James H. (James Howard) Bad blood : the Tuskegee syphilis experiment New York :Free Press ; London : Collier Macmillan Publishers, 1981.
• Josyph, Peter, ed. The Wounded River: The Civil War Letters of John Vance Lauderdale, M.D. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 1993

• Kalisch, Philip A. and Beatrice J. Kalisch The Advance of American Nursing, 2d ed. Boston: Little, Brown, 1986
• Kaufman, Martin American Medical Education : the Formative Years, 1765-1910 Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1976
  • ...it is an examination of the major trends and developments that affected the colleges. This book is written in the hope that it will help others to understand how changes in medical education were related to the social and cultural milieu, to scientific developments, and to problems within the medical profession itself.
• Kett, Joseph F. The Formation of the American Medical Profession: The Role of Institutions, 1780-1860 New Haven: Yale University Press, 1968
  • The period 1880-1910 saw a decisive transformation in American medical practice. 1.) The establishment of effective licensing boards 2.) Welch and Halsted contact with German laboratory medicine 3.) Abraham Flexner began his "holy war" on 2nd and 3rd rate medical schools.
• Kevles, Daniel J. In the Name of Eugenics Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986
  • This book is thus not an up-to-the-minute technical guide, and it is certainly not a tract for the times. I am under no delusion that a history of eugenics will provide any detailed moral or political map to follow in the uncharted territory of human genetic engineering.
• King, Charles R. Children's Health In America: A History New York: Twayne, 1993
• Kiple, Kenneth F. Another Dimension of the Black Diaspora: Diet, Disease, and Racism New York: Cambridge University Press, 1981
• Kohler, Robert E. From Medical Chemistry to Biochemistry: the Making of a biomedical Discipline New York: Cambridge University Press, 1982
  • Disciplines were the framework for descriptive natural histories of knowledge, not for analyses of the evolution and perpetuation of social forms.
• Kraut, Alan M. Silent Travelers: Germs, Genes, and the "Immigrant Menace" New York: Basic Books, 1994
  • There is a tension that pervades this book. On the one hand, immigrants can be and, from time to time, have been the bearers of diseases harmful or even fatal to the native-born population. Officials responsible for the public health have had to deal forthrightly with this threat. On the other hand, pre-existing ethnic prejudices and public hysteria in the face of disease often created a wholly false linkage between illness and specific immigrant groups.
• Kunzel, Regina G. Fallen Women, Problem Girls: Unmarried Mothers and the Professionalization of Social Work, 1890-1945 New Haven : Yale University Press, 1993

• Leavitt, Judith Walzer Brought to bed : childbearing in America, 1750 to 1950 New York : Oxford University Press, 1986.
  • This book focuses on the phenomenon of birth precisely because of its centrality to women's lives. By understanding childbirth we can understand significant parts of the female experience...My finding are stated quite simply: until childbirth moved to the hospital during the first third of the twentieth century, birthing women themselves were the most active agents of change in American childbirth history.
• Leavitt, Judith Walzer The Healthiest City: Milwaukee and the Politics of Health Reform, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1982
• Lederer, Susan E. Subjected to Science: Human Experimentation in America Before the Second World War Baltimore: Johns Hopkins, 1995
  • This book examines the public and professional debates over human experimentation in the first four decades of the twentieth century
• The Letters of a Victorian Madwoman edited by John S. Hughes// Columbia :University of South Carolina, 1993
• Levenstein, Harvey A. Revolution at the Table: the Transformation of the American Diet New York: Oxford University Press, 1988
• Link, Eugene Perry The Social Ideas of American Physicians (1776-1976): Studies of the Humanitarian Tradition in Medicine Selinsgrove, Pa.: Susquehanna University Press, 1992
• Ludmerer, Kenneth M. Learning to heal : the development of American medical education New York : Basic Books
  • A century ago being a medical student in America was easy.

• Malmsheimer, Richard "Doctors Only": the Evolving Image of the American Physician Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1988.
• Marcus, Alan I. Plague of Strangers: Social Groups and the Origins of City Services in Cincinnati, 1819-1870 Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1991
• Marcus, Alan I. Cancer from Beef: DES, Federal Food Regulation, and Consumer Confidence Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994
• McBride, David From TB to AIDS: Epidemics Among Urban Blacks Since 1900 Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1991
  • I shall demonstrate that in the coming decades, alongside race, class and gender, the role of disease will have to be illuminated if we are to acknowledge fully the social history of modern black America.
• McCann, Carole R. Birth Control Politics in the United States, 1916-1945 Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1994
• Medicine in the New World: New Spain, New France, and New England edited by Numbers, Ronald Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1980
• Medicine Without Doctors: Home Health Care In America edited by Guenter B. Risse, Ronald Numbers, and Judith Walzer Leavitt// New York: Science History Publications/USA, 1977
• Morantz-Sanchez, Regina Markell Sympathy and Science: Women Physicians in American Medicine New York: Oxford University Press, 1985
  • If there was a dominant view among women doctors in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, it was that women belonged in the medical profession by virtue of their natural gifts as healers and nurturers.
• Mullen, Fitzhugh Plagues and Politics: the Story of the United States Public Health Service New York: Basic Books, 1989

• Numbers, R. Almost Persuaded: American Physicians and Compulsory Health Insurance, 1912-1920 Henry E. Sigerist Supplements in the Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 1978
  • "Views of medical profession towards national compulsory health insurance The differences between medical organizations, practice, and therapeutics in Old and New England during most of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries cannot be attributed solely to climatic variations between the two regions. As the historian Michael Kammen has observed, the professions in England were not as highly developed as we have assumed, "nor were they so primitive in provincial America as some had suspected."

• O'Donnell, John M. The Origins of Behaviorism: American Psychology, 1870-1920 New York: New York University Press, 1985
• Other Healers: Unorthodox Medicine in America Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1988

• Parascandola, John The Development of American Pharmacology: John J. Abel and the Shaping of a Discipline Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992
• Patterson, James T. The Dread Disease: Cancer and Modern American Culture Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1987.
• Pattison, F.L.M. Granville Sharp Pattison: Anatomist and Antagonist, 1791-1851 Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1987
• Pernick, Martin S. A Calculus of Suffering: Pain, Professionalism and Anesthesia in Nineteenth-Century America, New York: Columbia University Press, 1985
• Pernick, Martin S. The Black Stork: Eugenics and the Death of "Defective" Babies in American Medicine and Motion Pictures since 1915 New York: Oxford University Press, 1996
  • It is meant as a work of social and cultural history, combining the history of medicine with film studies and comparing past events with medical ethics, health policy and mass culture today. It is intended to provide a useful model for integrating contextual history, mass culture, and medicine.
• Physiology in the American Context, 1850-1940 Baltimore, MD: Physiological Society: Distributed by Williams and Wilkins, 1987
• Postell, William Dosite The Health of Slaves on Southern Plantations Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1951
  • Still valuable for its reliance on primary sources.

• Reed, James From Private Vice to Public Virtue: The Birth Control Movement and American Society Since 1830 New York: Basic Books, 1978
  • Roles of key individuals and their relationship to American society. "Birth control was a metaphor for individual responsibility, an essential first step in the effort to achieve self-direction."
• Reverby, Susan Ordered to Care: The Dilemma of American Nursing 1850-1945, New York: Cambridge University Press, 1987
• Rice, Mitchell F. Rice and Woodrow Jones, Jr. Public Policy and the Black Hospital: From Slavery to Segregation to Integration. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1994
• Riley, James Sickness, Recovery and Death: A History and Forecast of Ill Health, Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 1989
• Rorabaugh, W. J. The Alcoholic Republic, an American Tradition New York: Oxford University Press, 1979
• Rosner, David A Once Charitable Enterprise: Hospitals and Health Care in Brooklyn and New York, 1885-1915 New York: Cambridge University Press, 1982
• Rothstein, William American Physicians in the Nineteenth Century 1972
• Rosen, George A History of Public Health introduction by Elizabeth Fee ; biographical essay new bibliography by Edward T. Morman
• Rothstein, William American Medical Schools and the Practice of Medicine: A History New York: Oxford University Press, 1987
• Rosenberg, Charles The Care of Strangers: The Rise of America's Hospital System Basic Books, 1987.
• Rosenberg, Charles The Cholera Years: The United States in 1832, 1849, and 1866. 2nd ed. With a New Afterward, Chicago: Phoenix Books, 1987 University of Wisconsin Press, 1980.
  • A careful study of their [physicians'] writings on cholera discloses as well something of the slow and complex way in which scientific ideas change, not necessarily in the minds of a few great men, but in the substrate of assumption and accepted wisdom which constitutes the intellectual texture of an age.
• Rosenkrantz, Barbara Gutmann Public Health and the State: Changing Views in Massachusetts, 1842-1936 Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press, 1972
  • American have tended to respond to disease and disorder as though they were corruptions imported to this uncontaminated continent from foreign sources....In this light, health is regarded as indigenous to our soil; disease, as an odious alien.
• Rothstein, William G. American Medical Schools and the Practice of Medicine: a History New York: Oxford University Press, 1987
  • This book continues my previous research published in American Physicians in the Nineteenth Century.
• Rutkow, IRA Michael The History of Surgery in the United States San Francisco: Norman Publishing, 1988

• Savitt, Todd Medicine and Slavery Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1978
  • Sickness and death were constant worries of nineteenth century Americans, especially in the disease-ridden antebellum South. Whether one live in a city or on a large, isolated plantation, whether one was white or black, one could not totally escape the ravages of endemic and epidemic disease. Health was a ubiquitous topic of conversation among businessmen, artisans, planters, laborers, and agricultural workers of both races. ...Remaining alive and well was an ever-present concern for these people-one which had to be faced day in, day out.
• Schroeder-Lein, Glenna R. Confederate Hospitals on the Move: Samuel H. Stout and the Army of Tennessee Columbia : University of South Carolina Press, 1993
• Scholten, Catherine M. Childbearing in American Society, 1650-1850 edited by Lynne Withey, New York : New York University Press, 1985
• Shaw, Maurice Friedlander Stonewall Jackson's Surgeon, Hunter Holmes McGuire: A Biography Lynchburg, Va.: H. E. Howard, Inc., 1993
• Shkilnyk, Anastasia M. A Poison Stronger than Love: the Destruction of an Ojibwa Community New Haven: Yale University Press, 1985
• Shryock, Richard H. Medicine In America: Historical Essays, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University, 1966
  • NE Great introduction to American medical history
• Smith, T. Burton White House Doctor Lanham, Md.: Madison Books, 1992.
• Sokal, Michael M. Psychological Testing and American Society, 1890-1930 New Brunswick, New Jersey, 1987.
• Stanton, William Ragan The Leopard's Spots: Scientific Attitudes Toward Race in America, 1815-59 University of Chicago Press, 1960
• Starr, Paul The Social Transformation of American Medicine New York: Basic Books, 1982
• Stevens, Rosemary American Medicine and the Public Interest New Haven; Yale University Press, 1971
  • ...its primary goal: that of identifying and tying together in their evolving context the
    elements of today's health and professional crises.
• Stevens, Rosemary In Sickness and In Wealth: American Hospitals in the Twentieth Century New York: Basic Books, 1989
• Strickland, Stephen P. Politics, science, and dread disease; a short history of United States medical research policy, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1972
  • In tracing the recent history of the medical research enterprise in the United States and the federal government's role in its development, I have attempted to illuminate the policy process, and to define and evaluate the specific policy involved, as well as to chronicle the sequence of fascinating scientific, organizational and personal episodes that are the most obvious guideposts to that history.
• Strickland, Stephen P. The Story of the NIH Grants Programs Lanham: University Press of America, 1989
  • It is about science and health, free inquiry and accountability, basic science and disease. It is also a human story of what a few men with ideas and energy, a cause and a support system can do for the good of all.
• Stuart, Paul Nations within a Nation: Historical Studies of American Indians Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press, 1987

• Taylor, Lloyd C. The Medical Profession and Social Reform, 1885-1945 New York: St. Martin's Press, 1974
• Taylor, Robert Saranac: America's Magic Mountain New York: Paragon House, 1988
• The Therapeutic revolution: essays in the social history of American medicine edited by Morris J. Vogel, Charles E.Rosenberg. Philadelphia : University of Pennsylvania Press, 1979.
• Thornton, Russell American Indian Holocaust and Survival: a Population History Since 1492 Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1987
  • In writing this book about American Indian population history, I use what information I can, in what way I can. Moreover, I attempt to write from the perspective of the American Indian themselves. The result is sometimes neither definable, complete, nor orderly; but my justification is simple: the story is important; it should be told as best it can.
• Trattner, Walter I. Biographical Dictionary of Social Welfare in America Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1986.
• Tyrrell, Ian R. Sobering Up: From Temperance to Prohibition in Antebellum America, 1800- 1860 Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1979

• Ulrich, Laurel Thatcher A Midwife's Tale: The Life of Martha Ballard, Based on Her Diary, 1785-1812, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1990
  • ...trivia or marrow of eighteenth century life.

• Verburugge, Martha H. Able-Bodied Womanhood New York : Oxford University Press, 1988
  • In America, for example, popular concepts of health have changed significantly since colonial times. During much of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, settlers in the New World tolerated the precariousness of their lives...Modes of eating, dressing, and working were simply daily routines, not deliberate steps toward well-being.
• Vogel, Morris J. The Invention of the Modern Hospital Boston 1870-1930 Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980
• Vogel, Morris J. The Invention of the Modern Hospital, Boston, 1870-1930 Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980
  • A central theme, however, emerges: widespread acceptance of the propriety of going, when ill, among strangers for treatment.
• Vogel, Virgil J. American Indian Medicine Norman, OK : University of Oklahoma Press, 1970
  • As it is my purpose to do no more than present a factual account of the history and present status o Indian medicine, I make no prediction about its future. I wish only to illuminate a little understood aspect of American cultural and scientific history

• Walsh, Mary Roth Doctors Wanted: No Women Need Apply New Haven: Yale University Press,1977
• Walters, Ronal G. Primers for Prudery: Sexual Advice to Victorian America Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1974
• Warner, John Harley The therapeutic perspective : medical practice, knowledge, and identity in America, 1820-1885 Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1986.
• Wells, Robert V. Revolutions in Americans' Lives: A Demographic Perspective on the History of Americans, Their Families, and Their Society Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1982
• Welsh, Jack D. Medical Histories of Confederate Generals Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press 1995
• Whorton, James C. Crusaders for Fitness: the History of American Health Reformers Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1982
• Wilson, Florence A. Health Services in the United States 2nd ed. Cambridge, Mass.: Ballinger Publishing Co., 1982
  • ...to provide a concise but reasonably complete summary of major components of health care in this country.
• Women and Health in American: Historical Readings edited by Judith Walzer Leavitt, Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin Press, 1984.

• Young, James Harvey The Medical Messiahs: A social History of Health Quackery in Twentieth-Century America Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1967
  • Sequel to Toadstool Millionaires which explores patent medicines in the twentieth century.
• Young, James Harvey The Toadstool Millionaires: a Social History of Patent Medicines in America before Federal Regulation Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1961
  • Quackery is important because through it vast numbers of our people have sought to bolster or restore their health and because it affords insight into an anti-rational approach to one of the key problems of life